Journal: Respiratory Research

Article Title: Blood oxygen regulation via P2Y12R expressed in the carotid body

doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02680-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Physiological parameters of control groups preceding hypoxic challenge

Article Snippet: ARL 67156 (Cat. No. 1283; PubChem CID: 11957464), Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (Cat. No. 1820; PubChem CID: 115366) and PSB 0739 (Cat. No. 3983; PubChem CID: 44583582) were from Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, UK.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Respiratory Research

Article Title: Blood oxygen regulation via P2Y12R expressed in the carotid body

doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02680-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Physiological parameters of experimental groups preceding hypoxic challenge

Article Snippet: ARL 67156 (Cat. No. 1283; PubChem CID: 11957464), Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (Cat. No. 1820; PubChem CID: 115366) and PSB 0739 (Cat. No. 3983; PubChem CID: 44583582) were from Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, UK.

Techniques:

Journal: Respiratory Research

Article Title: Blood oxygen regulation via P2Y12R expressed in the carotid body

doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02680-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glomic P2Y12R, but not centrally expressed receptors or thrombocytes influence chemoreflex in vivo. A – I Experimental animals were treated with clopidogrel (10 mg/kg i.p., 60 min prior to the experiment) ( A – C ); PSB 0739 (0.3 mg/kg i.t., 18 h prior to the experiment) ( D – F ); the mouse specific anti-CD41 antibody (deplete thrombocytes) ( G – I ) or the respective vehicle; and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were recorded during ingravescent hypoxic challenge. Distinct stages of hypoxic environmental challenges are indicated with colors: normoxia ( light blue ), mild hypoxia ( yellow ) severe hypoxia ( red ) and recurrent normoxia (normoxia II., dark blue ). Data represent the mean ± SD. Box-and-whisker diagrams demonstrate statistical differences between control and treatment groups during the identical challenge stage. Data show the median, the minimum and maximum values, and the interquartile range (n = 11 for Clopidogrel; n = 12 for PSB 0739; and n = 10 for platelet depleted) ( A , D , G ). Arterial blood-gas and pH changes are shown for clopidogrel (n = 9) (B), PSB 0739 (n = 8) ( E ) and platelet depleted groups (n = 10) ( H ) compared to the respective control animals (n = 9 for Control (clopidogrel); n = 12 Control (PSB 0739); and n = 10 Control (depleted) groups). Graphs compare the area under curve (AUC) values of breath distension for the clopidogrel (n = 7) ( F ) and platelet depleted experimental groups (n = 5–8) ( I ). *, p ≤ 0.05 [two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test ( A , D , G ); one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test ( B , E , H ) and unpaired two-tailed Student’s t -test ( C , F , I )]

Article Snippet: ARL 67156 (Cat. No. 1283; PubChem CID: 11957464), Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (Cat. No. 1820; PubChem CID: 115366) and PSB 0739 (Cat. No. 3983; PubChem CID: 44583582) were from Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, UK.

Techniques: In Vivo, Whisker Assay, Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Secretory SERPINE1 Expression Is Increased by Antiplatelet Therapy, Inducing MMP1 Expression and Increasing Colon Cancer Metastasis

doi: 10.3390/ijms23179596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antiplatelet reagents reduce the proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells. ( A ) Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT in HCT116 cells treated with Asp and 3 antiplatelet agents (clopidogrel, Cpg; prasugrel, Psg; and ticagrelor, Tcg) at the indicated concentrations for 24, 48, and 72 h. ( B ) In the clonogenic assay, HCT116 cells were incubated with Asp or 3 antiplatelet agents at the indicated concentrations for 14 days. Cells were stained with crystal violet solution, and viable colonies were counted (below graph). Columns indicate the numbers of colonies from three independent experiments. HCT116 cells treated with Asp and 3 antiplatelet agents at the indicated concentrations for 14 days were assayed for anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Representative images were captured with a microscope (magnification ×200). ( C ) SA-β-gal activity in HCT116 cells was confirmed 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment with Asp and 3 antiplatelet agents, respectively, at predetermined concentrations. Representative images were captured with a microscope (magnification ×200). In ( A–C ) data are shown as means ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using ordinary two-way ANOVA; ns, not significant; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, and ***, p < 0.001; n ≥ 3 per group.

Article Snippet: Antiplatelet agents, aspirin (Cat #A3160), clopidogrel (Cat #C0614), prasugrel (Cat #SML0331), and ticagrelor (Cat #CDS023238) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Clonogenic Assay, Incubation, Staining, Microscopy, Activity Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Secretory SERPINE1 Expression Is Increased by Antiplatelet Therapy, Inducing MMP1 Expression and Increasing Colon Cancer Metastasis

doi: 10.3390/ijms23179596

Figure Lengend Snippet: The antiplatelet agents promote HCT116 colon cancer cell migration and invasion ability. ( A , B ) Cell migration and invasion assays were performed using a Boyden chamber assay after treatment with aspirin (Asp) or antiplatelet agents (clopidogrel, Cpg; prasugrel, Psg; and ticagrelor, Tcg;) at the indicated concentrations in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Cells were incubated for 24 h in membranes precoated with collagen for the migration assay, with Matrigel for the invasion assay. Scale bar is 100 µm. In ( A , B ), data are shown as means ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using ordinary two-way ANOVA; ns, not significant; *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, and ***, p < 0.001; n ≥ 3 per group.

Article Snippet: Antiplatelet agents, aspirin (Cat #A3160), clopidogrel (Cat #C0614), prasugrel (Cat #SML0331), and ticagrelor (Cat #CDS023238) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Migration, Boyden Chamber Assay, Incubation, Invasion Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Secretory SERPINE1 Expression Is Increased by Antiplatelet Therapy, Inducing MMP1 Expression and Increasing Colon Cancer Metastasis

doi: 10.3390/ijms23179596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microarray gene expression profiling and biological pathways related to antiplatelet agent treatments. ( A ) A transcriptional pattern of 608 differentially expressed genes. Student’s t -tests were applied to gene expression profile data from two groups of samples (DMSO and aspirin vs. three antiplatelet agents), and genes were considered statistically significant ( p < 0.05 and 1.5-fold change). Positive (red) and negative (blue) expression correlations are shown. D, DMSO; A, aspirin; P, prasugrel; T, ticagrelor; C, clopidogrel; A+P, aspirin and prasugrel; A+T, aspirin and ticagrelor; A+C, aspirin and clopidogrel. ( B ) A graph analyzing gene ontology (GO) based on positively expressed genes. ( C ) Gene concept network analysis with reactome based on gene ontology (GO) analysis. ( D ) A graph analyzing gene ontology (GO) based on negatively expressed genes. ( E ) Gene concept network analysis with reactome based on GO analysis.

Article Snippet: Antiplatelet agents, aspirin (Cat #A3160), clopidogrel (Cat #C0614), prasugrel (Cat #SML0331), and ticagrelor (Cat #CDS023238) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Microarray, Expressing

Journal: Cell

Article Title: Engineered Sialylation of Pathogenic Antibodies In Vivo Attenuates Autoimmune Disease

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.041

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: Clopidogrel , Selleck Chemicals , Cat#: S1415.

Techniques: Recombinant, TA Cloning, Expressing, Blocking Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Protease Inhibitor, Mutagenesis, Activity Assay, Software, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Microglia enable mature perineuronal nets disassembly upon anesthetic ketamine exposure or 60-Hz light entrainment in the healthy brain

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A-C) Microglia depletion with Csf1r-inhibitor PLX5622 and 3× saline or KXA ketamine treatment. (A) Experimental timeline. (B) Immunostaining for WFA. Scale bar: 200 μm. Next, zoom-in into S1. Scale bar: 20 μm. (C) Mean density of PNN-coated cells ± SEM. Grey and green dashed lines: reference for mean value of 3× saline or KXA, respectively, from Figures 1C and S1D. Two sample t-test: P= 0.3467. (D-G) Clopidogrel treatment, i.p. injected alone (3× clopidogrel) or 5 min before KXA application (3× (clopidogrel + KXA)). (D) Experimental timeline. (E) Immunostaining for WFA. Scale bar: 200 μm. (F) Mean density of PNN-coated cells ± SEM. Grey and green dashed lines: reference for mean value of 3× saline or 3× KXA, respectively, from Figures 1C and S1D. Two sample t-test: P=0.3808. Each dot represents an animal. (G) Higher magnification images for WFA (magenta or contrast-image) and Iba1 (green). Scale bar: 30 μm. nsP > .05.

Article Snippet: Clopidogrel: Clopidogrel (Tocris, Cat#2490) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma, Cat#D8418) and diluted 1:4 in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) before the injection.

Techniques: Saline, Immunostaining, Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Evaluation of clopidogrel response in healthy cats using a novel viscoelastic test and thromboelastography

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1371781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative analysis of CBC and biochemistry variables in 28 cats before (day 0) and after 7 (day 8) days of clopidogrel treatment.

Article Snippet: After baseline measurements (Day 0), each cat received 18.75 mg clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix, Britol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) every 24 h by mouth for seven consecutive days.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Evaluation of clopidogrel response in healthy cats using a novel viscoelastic test and thromboelastography

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1371781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparisons of viscoelastic measurements by VCM Vet, kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG), and light transmission aggregometry (LTA) in 28 cats before and after 7 days (Day 0 vs. Day 8) of clopidogrel treatment.

Article Snippet: After baseline measurements (Day 0), each cat received 18.75 mg clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix, Britol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) every 24 h by mouth for seven consecutive days.

Techniques: Transmission Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Evaluation of clopidogrel response in healthy cats using a novel viscoelastic test and thromboelastography

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1371781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Before-and-after dot plots showing selected viscoelastic variables in 28 cats before (day 0) and after 7 days (day 8) of clopidgrel treatment. Red dots represent non-responders and black dogs represent responders. (A) Of the 4 VCM Vet variables, only maximum clot formation (MCF) was significantly increased on day 8 compared to baseline. (B) Three of the 5 TEG variables were significantly different after clopidogrel treatment. R-time (min) was prolonged after 7 days of clopdigrol treatment. However, K (min) and alpha angle ( α °) were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: After baseline measurements (Day 0), each cat received 18.75 mg clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix, Britol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) every 24 h by mouth for seven consecutive days.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Evaluation of clopidogrel response in healthy cats using a novel viscoelastic test and thromboelastography

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1371781

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Before-and-after dot pots in adenosine diphosphate-induced light transmission aggregometry in 28 cats after 7 days of clopidogrel treatment. Compared to baseline (D0), all variables including maximum amplitude (%), slope and area under the curve (AUC) were significantly decreased following treatment on day 8 (D8). Red dots represent non-responders and black dogs represent responders. (B) Clopidogrel response, measured as percent inhibition, is shown on scattered dot pots among responders (R) and non-responders (NR). Bar represents median and error bars show the interquartile ranges p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: After baseline measurements (Day 0), each cat received 18.75 mg clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix, Britol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) every 24 h by mouth for seven consecutive days.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Evaluation of clopidogrel response in healthy cats using a novel viscoelastic test and thromboelastography

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1371781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations between clopidogrel-induced platelet inhibition on light transmission aggregometry, VCM Vet and TEG in 28 healthy cats after 7 days of clopidogrel administration.

Article Snippet: After baseline measurements (Day 0), each cat received 18.75 mg clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix, Britol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) every 24 h by mouth for seven consecutive days.

Techniques: Inhibition, Transmission Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Evaluation of clopidogrel response in healthy cats using a novel viscoelastic test and thromboelastography

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1371781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clopidogrel response, measured as percent inhibition, on kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG) and VCM Vet after 7 days of clopdigorel treatment in 28 cats. Red dots represent non-responders and black dogs represent responders. Increased inhibition on R, K, CT and CFT indicates a more hypercoagulable tracing, whereas decreased inhibition on alpha, MA and MCF indicates a more hypercoagulable tracing.

Article Snippet: After baseline measurements (Day 0), each cat received 18.75 mg clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix, Britol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) every 24 h by mouth for seven consecutive days.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

Article Title: Feline Myocardial Disease

doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drugs commonly used in the clinical management of feline myocardial disease

Article Snippet: Might reduce cardiac remodelling 2–4 mg/kg PO SID Taurine 71 Taurine (non-proprietary) Amino acid Essential in cats for myocardial mechanical function 125–250 mg PO BID Aspirin 71 Aspirin (non-proprietary) NSAID Inhibition of platelet aggregation 81 mg/cat q 3 d or 5 mg/cat q 3 d Clopidogrel 71 Plavix (Sanofi-Aventis) Antiplatelet drug Inhibition of platelet aggregation 18.75 mg/cat SID Open in a separate window * Licensed in the UK for the clinical management of feline primary HCM † Licensed in the UK for the clinical management of feline CHF, PO = orally, IV = intravenously, SID = once daily, BID = twice daily, TID = three times daily, q 3 d = every three days, PDEIII = phosphodiesterase III, NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs commonly used in the clinical management of feline myocardial disease.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Inhibition